Toward Retinal Organoids in High-Throughput

January 13, 2026
Share on

AUTHORS

Stefan Erich Spirig, Magdalena Renner

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2024 Mar 1;14(3):a041275. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041275.

ABSTRACT

Human retinal organoids recapitulate the cellular diversity, arrangement, gene expression, and functional aspects of the human retina. Protocols to generate human retinal organoids from pluripotent stem cells are typically labor intensive, include many manual handling steps, and the organoids need to be maintained for several months until they mature. To generate large numbers of human retinal organoids for therapy development and screening purposes, scaling up retinal organoid production, maintenance, and analysis is of utmost importance. In this review, we discuss strategies to increase the number of high-quality retinal organoids while reducing manual handling steps. We further review different approaches to analyze thousands of retinal organoids with currently available technologies and point to challenges that still await to be overcome both in culture and analysis of retinal organoids.

PMID: 37567787PMID: 37217280 PMCID: PMC10910359 (available on 2026-03-01) DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041275

    View in PubMed